Fossil lending

Reserves, risks, reinventions: NOCs in the new era

Written by Rose Choy & Jeannette Leong

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National oil companies (NOC) in ASEAN stand at a crossroads. As the energy transition proceeds, they risk declining revenues from oil and gas production and more volatile cashflows.

In this article, we examine how Petronas, Pertamina, and PTT — three NOCs essential to meeting Southeast Asia’s fast-growing energy needs — are rising to the challenge.

We explore the performance of the companies’ bonds, and how they reflect differing issuance patterns, sovereign risk, and political dynamics. This is important in the context of the NOCs future capital expenditure plans, which may require tapping international bond markets.

We find that while Petronas’ bonds continue to outperform thanks to strong financials and disciplined leverage, Pertamina faces headwinds from governance concerns while PTT may face ratings downgrade. Across all three NOCs, escalating break-even costs for oil and gas production and geopolitical volatility threaten to erode their financial positions.

At the same time, the three companies are investing in renewables. However, the level of ambition – and degree of integration with core business strategy – varies widely. This creates an opening for investors to influence capital allocation toward lower-carbon business models, perhaps through potential future labelled debt issuances.

About the authors

Rose Choy

Rose Choy

Research Director, APAC

Based in Singapore, Rose has over 20 years’ experience in capital markets, most recently as a Senior PM at Conning Asia, and her research focuses on credit research and analysis on the energy transition in the Asia-Pacific region.

Jeannette Leong

Jeannette Leong

Research Associate, APAC

Based in Singapore, Jeannette focuses on credit research and analysis across the Asia-Pacific region. She brings 19 years of fixed income investing experience in emerging markets, Asian fixed income and China’s onshore bond market.

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